Highlights of the technology include the compact, self-supporting Orthoflow™ converter where the disengager, stripper and regenerator vessels are efficiently combined in a single vessel. This design uses minimal plot space. The entire pressure-containing shell is of cold-wall carbon steel construction with modern monolithic refractory. Cold wall construction provides longer service life at lower cost because insulating refractory keeps the steel shell in the optimum temperature range for maximum strength and avoidance of thermal degradation.